We’re continuing our series introducing readers to prominent politicians of the past with strong ties to Liverpool. Today, we delve into the life of a renowned figure in politics, an independent Member of the British Parliament and a dedicated champion of women’s rights: Eleanor Rathbone. She left a substantial mark on Liverpool, and you can read all about it here on liverpoolyes.com.
Eleanor’s Early Life and Education
Eleanor Rathbone spent her childhood right here in Liverpool. She was born into the family of social reformer William Rathbone VI. She received her secondary education at Kensington High School before moving on to Somerville College, Oxford. Eleanor was a diligent student, dedicating all her time to her studies. However, due to her gender, she was unable to be formally awarded an Oxford degree at the time.
Notably, Eleanor was among the founding members of the “Associated Prigs” debating society.
Building a Career
After leaving university, Eleanor Rathbone started working alongside her father, William. Together, they conducted research into the social and industrial conditions within the city of Liverpool. By 1897, Rathbone had become the Honorary Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Liverpool Women’s Suffrage Society. She actively campaigned for women to be granted the right to vote in elections.
In 1903, Eleanor published a report on her work in the docks of our city. Just two years later, she helped establish the School of Social Science at the University of Liverpool, where she also lectured on public administration.
In 1910, she was elected as an independent member of Liverpool City Council, a post she held for 25 years. Eleanor Rathbone is also known for the articles she contributed to various suffragist journals.
In 1913, she co-founded the Liverpool Women Citizens’ Association. Rathbone was instrumental in encouraging women to participate in the political life of the city and the country. She demonstrated her organisational and leadership skills during the First World War by organising the Town Hall Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Families Association and forming the ‘1918 Club’ in Liverpool – a women’s club that still meets today.
It is worth noting that Eleanor Rathbone was a passionate advocate for a system of Family Allowances, which she insisted should be paid directly to mothers.
Active Political Life
In 1919, Rathbone became the President of the National Union of Societies for Equal Citizenship (NUSEC). In the same year, she helped establish the ‘Liverpool Personal Service Society’.
Eleanor Rathbone also stood in parliamentary elections. The prominent feminist believed the House of Commons needed more women to represent their unique experiences and perspectives. In 1929, Eleanor finally became a Member of Parliament (MP), sitting as an independent.
Her work as an MP was hugely impactful. Eleanor Rathbone campaigned tirelessly for a reduction in the price of milk during the Great Depression and an increase in benefits for the children of the unemployed. In 1934, following a critical BMA report on nutrition, she became a leader of the Children’s Minimum Committee, arguing that the cost of food was not reflective of its quality.
During the Second World War, she consistently pressured the government to release evidence of the Holocaust.
Eleanor Rathbone died suddenly in 1946. Just one year before her death, her personal victory came with the passing of the **Family Allowances Act**.
That is the incredible story of Eleanor Rathbone, who launched her political career right here in Liverpool. We hope this piece has been insightful and that you’ve learned more about our city and one of its most celebrated residents.